Syllabus

“Oxygen powered metabolism” pushed to the max begins to top off in the world’s fastest athletes at a speeds running near 13 mph in a marathon – and then maxes out around 15 mph in the 5k and 3k races. Oxygen based power in muscle cells cannot boost speeds past 15 mph. This tells us aerobic metabolism is a ‘weaker’ form of metabolism relative to anaerobic glycolysis.

When the left ventricle contracts it spins the blood into a whirlpool, creating a vacuum or low pressure vortex just before the aortic valve opens to let blood flow out to your body (imagine spinning wine in a wine glass). Read: Refutation of the Pressure-Propulsion Theory

The heart does not push blood into the aorta per se’. Again, spinning a fluid creates negative pressure, then by vacuum blood is sucked (ejected) into the aorta at a speed up to 1 m/s indicated by the red swirling lines – for the Healthy Volunteer only – in the 4D MRI video below.

To understand a concussion, we first compare it to a contusion in order to visualize microscopic and macroscopic damage done to the brain. We view brain cells, concussions, and contusions essentially the same way we viewed muscle cells within the metabolic model: A 3-D arrangement of cells/tissue – infused by capillaries where metabolism occurs: Fuel + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + Heat.

We conceive normal physiology as neurons working collectively and ‘lighting up’ dependent on your specific activity – within a crystalline-like electrical network, analogous to the Star Trek “energy forms in the sand”.

Calcium, excessive exercise/stress, and PUFA’s (polyunsaturated fatty acids) ruin metabolism and energy production by ‘over activating’ cells. Sodium enhances metabolism.

We’ll begin by looking at why ‘high’ salt intake (sodium) caused Russian cosmonauts to lose weight and NOT retain water despite the fact their caloric intake remained equivalent to a previous experiment eating a lower sodium diet.